VPHP Voter Center / Voter Education

California statewide propositions

Know the issues. Read both sides of every Yes and No.

A proposition changes California law, the Constitution, government programs, taxes, borrowing or other statewide policy when approved by voters. Start with these plain-language summaries, then read the official state analysis before you vote.

14 California Propositions graphic
Before you decide, ask:
Who is affected?Who or what is most directly affected?Who pays?Who bears the principal costs?What changes?What is different from current law?What safeguards?Oversight, eligibility rules or limits.What’s the evidence?Check the official fiscal analysis.

All 14 propositions

Titles, Yes/No meanings and fiscal effects quoted from the Official Voter Information Guide · Verified Sept. 29, 2026
Proposition 1

Housing Affordability Bonds

Official ballot title: “Authorizes Bonds for Housing Affordability Programs. Legislative Statute.”

$11.25 billion in state general obligation bonds for housing affordability programs, including multifamily rental housing, mortgages for veterans, supportive housing, preservation of existing affordable housing, and down-payment assistance.

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A YES VOTE MEANSThe state could borrow $11.25 billion to support veterans and affordable housing.
A NO VOTE MEANSThe state could not borrow $11.25 billion to support veterans and affordable housing.

Fiscal effect (Legislative Analyst): Increased state cost of $500 million to $600 million annually for about 25 years to repay the housing bond.

Considerations: Housing supply; homelessness prevention; veterans; renters; first-time buyers; state debt.

Read the official Prop 1 analysis ↗
Proposition 2

State Rainy Day Fund

Official ballot title: “Increases State’s Rainy Day Fund. Legislative Constitutional Amendment.”

Changes reserve and debt-payment rules so California holds more money for downturns and makes additional debt payments for longer.

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A YES VOTE MEANSRules for building state budget reserves and paying down extra state debts would change. As a result, state budget reserves would be higher.
A NO VOTE MEANSRules for building state budget reserves and paying down extra state debts would not change.

Fiscal effect (Legislative Analyst): State budget reserves would be higher.

Considerations: Budget stability; essential services during downturns; debt; flexibility in future budgets.

Read the official Prop 2 analysis ↗
Proposition 3

Schools and Health Care Funding

Official ballot title: “Provides Permanent Funding for Schools and Health Care by Extending Existing Tax on High Incomes. Initiative Constitutional Amendment.”

Makes permanent existing voter-approved tax rates for individuals earning over $371,000 (adjusted annually for inflation). Allocates tax revenues to public education.

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A YES VOTE MEANSAn income tax increase on high-income earners in place since 2012 would become permanent instead of expiring in 2031.
A NO VOTE MEANSAn income tax increase on high-income earners in place since 2012 would expire in 2031.

Fiscal effect (Legislative Analyst): Maintains $5 billion to $15 billion of annual state income tax revenue by making a temporary tax increase on high-income earners permanent instead of letting it expire in 2031.

Considerations: School resources; health care; tax policy; long-term revenue stability.

Read the official Prop 3 analysis ↗
Proposition 4

Public Financing of Campaigns

Official ballot title: “Repeals Prohibition Against Public Funding of Election Campaigns. Legislative Statute.”

Ends the state ban on public campaign financing, allowing state and local governments to create public funding programs for candidates, with limits on using education, transportation or public safety funds.

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A YES VOTE MEANSState and local governments could create public campaign financing programs for public office candidates, subject to limits on which public funds could be used, how the public funds could be used, and who could receive them.
A NO VOTE MEANSState and most local governments would remain unable to create public campaign finance programs for public office candidates.

Fiscal effect (Legislative Analyst): Ongoing costs to the state of a few hundred thousand dollars each year for the Fair Political Practices Commission to answer questions from state and local governments about public campaign finance programs.

Considerations: Candidate access; private money; taxpayer safeguards; program design.

Read the official Prop 4 analysis ↗
Proposition 5

Recall Election Process

Official ballot title: “Changes Recall Election Process for Statewide Officers. Legislative Constitutional Amendment.”

Changes how vacancies are filled after certain statewide recall elections by removing the replacement-candidate question.

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A YES VOTE MEANSRecall elections would no longer include a question about who should fill the vacancy. Instead, vacancies typically would be filled through special elections or appointments, depending on the office and timing.
A NO VOTE MEANSVoters would continue to be asked who should fill the vacancy as part of recall elections.

Fiscal effect (Legislative Analyst): Net fiscal effect unknown. In the event of a recall, savings or costs of millions of dollars to administer the election depending on the office recalled.

Considerations: Continuity of representation; vacancy duration; appointment authority; election administration.

Read the official Prop 5 analysis ↗
Proposition 37

Middle Income Homebuyer Loan Program

Official ballot title: “Creates Loan Program for Middle-Income Buyers of Qualified New Homes. Initiative Statute.”

Authorizes $25 billion in bonds to offer eligible buyers fixed-rate mortgages for up to 17% of the purchase price of a newly constructed home priced below about $1.5 million.

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A YES VOTE MEANSThe state would create a new homebuying assistance program. The state could sell up to $25 billion in revenue bonds to fund the program. Bonds would be paid back by homeowners’ payments on their home loans.
A NO VOTE MEANSThe state would not be required to create a new homebuying assistance program.

Fiscal effect (Legislative Analyst): No direct state or local costs.

Considerations: Eligibility; homeownership access; new construction; monthly affordability; geographic availability.

Read the official Prop 37 analysis ↗
Proposition 38

Immunology Medical Research Bonds

Official ballot title: “Authorizes Bonds for Immunology Medical Research. Initiative Statute.”

$8.4 billion in general obligation bonds for immunology and immunotherapy research, half to a single University of California-affiliated nonprofit medical research institute and half to research grants.

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A YES VOTE MEANSThe state could borrow $8.4 billion to support medical research in immunology and immunotherapy conducted by California research institutes and universities.
A NO VOTE MEANSThe state could not borrow $8.4 billion to support medical research in immunology and immunotherapy conducted by California research institutes and universities.

Fiscal effect (Legislative Analyst): Increased state cost of $500 million to $600 million annually for about 20 years to repay the research bond, with some or all of the cost offset if the funded research generates revenue.

Considerations: Medical research; public debt; allocation of research funds; access to resulting treatments.

Read the official Prop 38 analysis ↗
Proposition 39

Voter Identification

Official ballot title: “Prohibits Citizens from Voting Unless They Present Government-Issued Identification. Initiative Constitutional Amendment.”

Invalidates mail ballots that do not have the last four digits of a designated government-issued identification number written on the envelope. Prohibits in-person voting without presenting government-issued identification.

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A YES VOTE MEANSVoters would be required to present additional identifying information to elections officials each time they vote.
A NO VOTE MEANSA voter’s identity would continue to be established with the voter’s signature.

Fiscal effect (Legislative Analyst): Costs of between tens of millions of dollars and low hundreds of millions of dollars each year to implement new voting requirements.

Considerations: Voting access; acceptable identification; privacy; election security; voter education.

Prop 39 Voter Identification spotlight graphicFrom our social campaign: Proposition Spotlight on Prop 39.
Read the official Prop 39 analysis ↗
Proposition 40

One-Time Tax on Certain Billionaires

Official ballot title: “Imposes One-Time Tax on Certain Taxpayers. Initiative Constitutional Amendment and Statute.”

Imposes a one-time 5% tax on certain taxpayers with assets over $1 billion; revenue primarily for health care.

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A YES VOTE MEANSThe state would collect a one-time tax from billionaires equal to 5 percent of their wealth.
A NO VOTE MEANSThe state would not collect a one-time tax from billionaires equal to 5 percent of their wealth.

Fiscal effect (Legislative Analyst): Temporary revenue increase of tens of billions of dollars spread over several years from wealth tax on billionaires. Possible ongoing decrease of less than $1 billion per year in income tax revenue from billionaires.

Considerations: Health funding; revenue volatility; taxpayer behavior; program accountability.

Read the official Prop 40 analysis ↗
Proposition 41

Special Tax Audits and Spending Limit

Official ballot title: “Prohibits New State Taxes That Exclude Revenues from State Spending Limit. Requires Audits for New State Special Taxes. Initiative Constitutional Amendment.”

Requires additional audits for programs funded by new special taxes and changes certain spending-limit treatment.

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A YES VOTE MEANSWhen special taxes are proposed by voter initiatives, the California State Auditor would review programs funded by the tax before the initiative appears on the ballot.
A NO VOTE MEANSThe California State Auditor’s responsibility to review government programs would not change. The state spending limit requirements would not change.

Fiscal effect (Legislative Analyst): The net fiscal effect is unknown as it depends on future decisions by voters, the Legislature, and other policymakers.

Considerations: Transparency; program performance; administrative cost; budget flexibility.

Read the official Prop 41 analysis ↗
Proposition 42

Personal Property and Retroactive State Taxes

Official ballot title: “Prohibits New State Personal Property Taxes and Certain Retroactive State Taxes. Initiative Constitutional Amendment.”

Limits new state taxes on ownership of personal property, including financial assets, and certain retroactive state taxes.

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A YES VOTE MEANSThe state could not establish new taxes on the ownership of financial assets or other personal property.
A NO VOTE MEANSThe state would continue to have the option to establish new taxes on the ownership of financial assets or other personal property.

Fiscal effect (Legislative Analyst): Possibility that tax revenues will not go up as much in the future.

Considerations: Taxpayer protections; savings and investment; limits on future revenue choices.

Read the official Prop 42 analysis ↗
Proposition 43

Local Special Tax Approval Threshold

Official ballot title: “Limits Voters’ Ability To Raise Revenues For Local Government Services. Legislative Constitutional Amendment.”

Raises the voter-approval threshold for certain local special taxes from a majority to two-thirds, effective January 1, 2027.

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A YES VOTE MEANSCertain local government taxes would require two-thirds approval by voters.
A NO VOTE MEANSCertain local government taxes could continue to be approved by voters with a majority vote.

Fiscal effect (Legislative Analyst): Possibility that local government tax revenues will not go up as much in the future due to a higher vote threshold for certain taxes.

Considerations: Local services; approval thresholds; fire, roads, schools, hospitals, housing and other designated uses.

Read the official Prop 43 analysis ↗
Proposition 44

Community Health Clinic Spending

Official ballot title: “Requires Community Health Clinics Spend 90% of Revenue on Program Services. Initiative Statute.”

Requires certain nonprofit federally qualified health centers to spend at least 90% of revenue on program services advancing their charitable purpose.

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A YES VOTE MEANSCertain private nonprofit health care clinics would have to spend at least 90 percent of their revenue each year on providing health care services.
A NO VOTE MEANSThe new requirement on health care clinic spending would not go into effect.

Fiscal effect (Legislative Analyst): Increased state costs in the low tens of millions of dollars per year, covered by fees.

Considerations: Clinic access; administrative spending; patient services; enforcement.

Read the official Prop 44 analysis ↗
Proposition 45

Environmental Review for Certain Projects

Official ballot title: “Modifies Environmental Review for Certain Projects. Initiative Statute.”

Amends the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) to speed environmental review for certain projects, including most housing, transportation, water and health projects, by setting deadlines to complete review and resolve lawsuits challenging project approvals.

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A YES VOTE MEANSCertain public and private projects would be eligible for new project review and court challenge procedures.
A NO VOTE MEANSPublic and private projects would continue to use existing project review and court challenge procedures.

Fiscal effect (Legislative Analyst): Initial costs for state and local governments, likely in the high tens of millions of dollars—potentially exceeding $100 million—annually, partly covered by fees. Uncertain, potentially more significant positive or negative longer-term fiscal effects.

Considerations: Project speed; community participation; environmental health; legal review; infrastructure.

Read the official Prop 45 analysis ↗
Want the complete official analysis, arguments and rebuttals for every measure?Read the Official Voter Guide ↗
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Zeta Sigma Lambda Chapter and A Voteless People Is A Hopeless People provide this information for nonpartisan voter education. This website does not endorse candidates or recommend positions on ballot measures. Summaries are paraphrases; the official voter guide controls. Verify current election information and your personalized ballot with the appropriate election authority.

Verified: Sept. 29, 2026